Guidelines for Writing EE Lab manuals(part-A)

Guidelines for writing EE lab manual:-

1.Follow the guidelines which are told in the lab.some important guide lines are listed here.2.Leave the 3 pages before starting first expirment.3.On the right hand side write aim,apparatus required,Theory(in case of theorems statement of the theorem must be included),Procedure, formulas  (any formulas are there) ,precautions.4.on  the left hand side circuit diagrams(given circuit then different cases diagrams, theoretical calculations,observation table, comparison table,model graph) should be written with pencil..

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN’S THEOREM

   

        AIM:  To determine the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit for the given circuit and verify the theorem.                                         
       APPARATUS REQUIRED:                        

S.NO	Name of the equipment	Range	Qty

       CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
     Given circuit:

             
Case1:   Measure the current through RL=560 Ω in original circuit (IL1)

                           

Case2:   Measure current through RL=560 Ω from Thevinins equivalent circuit(IL2):
(a) Thevinin’s resistance(Rth):

               

(b)   Thevinin’s voltage(Vth):

                     
 (c)   Current through RL from Thevinins equivalent circuit(IL2):

              
                                

        Theory:-

                            Statement:   Any two terminal linear network having a number of voltage current sources and resistances can be replaced by a simple equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source in series with a resistance, where the value of the voltage source is equal to the open circuit voltage across the two terminals of the network, and resistance is equal to the equivalent resistance measured between the terminals with all the energy sources are replaced by their internal resistances.

    PROCEDURE:

1.       Connect the circuit as shown in the figure.

2.       Apply   16V voltage at the input terminals of the circuit.

3.    Measure the load current IL in the load resistor RL with the help of ammeter.

4.    Short circuit the input voltage V1 and remove the load resistor and measure the equivalent resistance at open circuited terminals i.e Thevenin’s resistance(Rth)

5.    Remove the load resistor and measure the open circuit voltage VOC or VTH across the load terminals.

6.    Now connect the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit and apply the input voltage equal to Voc or  Vth.

7.    Measure the load current in this equivalent circuit and this value of the current must be same as in the original circuit.

8.    Hence theorem is verified.

     OBSERVATION TABLE:
   Observation table:

Current from original circuit (IL1)	THEVININ’S  RESISTANCE (RTH)	THEVININ’S VOLTAGE(Vth)	Current from Thevinins equivalent circuit  (IL2)

Comparison Table:

	IL1	Rth	Vth	IL2
THEORITICAL
PRACTICAL

         Precautions:

1.       The connections should be correct.

2.       The input voltage supply should be within the limit so that it does not change the network components.

3.       Note down the readings without any parallax error.

    Result: -